Table 1. Material constants assumed in the present evaluations for elemental media. Values are given for the ratio of atomic number-to-mass Z/A, the mean excitation energy I, and the density ρ. Some density values are only nominal; those for Z = 85 and 87 were arbitrarily set to 10 in order to complete the calculations.
| Z | Element | Z/A | I | Density | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (eV) | (g/cm3) | ||||||||
| 1 | H | Hydrogen | 0.99212 | 19.2 | 8.375E-05 | ||||
| 2 | He | Helium | 0.49968 | 41.8 | 1.663E-04 | ||||
| 3 | Li | Lithium | 0.43221 | 40.0 | 5.340E-01 | ||||
| 4 | Be | Beryllium | 0.44384 | 63.7 | 1.848E+00 | ||||
| 5 | B | Boron | 0.46245 | 76.0 | 2.370E+00 | ||||
| 6 | C | Carbon, Graphite | 0.49954 | 78.0 | 1.700E+00 | ||||
| 7 | N | Nitrogen | 0.49976 | 82.0 | 1.165E-03 | ||||
| 8 | O | Oxygen | 0.50002 | 95.0 | 1.332E-03 | ||||
| 9 | F | Fluorine | 0.47372 | 115.0 | 1.580E-03 | ||||
| 10 | Ne | Neon | 0.49555 | 137.0 | 8.385E-04 | ||||
| 11 | Na | Sodium | 0.47847 | 149.0 | 9.710E-01 | ||||
| 12 | Mg | Magnesium | 0.49373 | 156.0 | 1.740E+00 | ||||
| 13 | Al | Aluminum | 0.48181 | 166.0 | 2.699E+00 | ||||
| 14 | Si | Silicon | 0.49848 | 173.0 | 2.330E+00 | ||||
| 15 | P | Phosphorus | 0.48428 | 173.0 | 2.200E+00 | ||||
| 16 | S | Sulfur | 0.49897 | 180.0 | 2.000E+00 | ||||
| 17 | Cl | Chlorine | 0.47951 | 174.0 | 2.995E-03 | ||||
| 18 | Ar | Argon | 0.45059 | 188.0 | 1.662E-03 | ||||
| 19 | K | Potassium | 0.48595 | 190.0 | 8.620E-01 | ||||
| 20 | Ca | Calcium | 0.49903 | 191.0 | 1.550E+00 | ||||
| 21 | Sc | Scandium | 0.46712 | 216.0 | 2.989E+00 | ||||
| 22 | Ti | Titanium | 0.45948 | 233.0 | 4.540E+00 | ||||
| 23 | V | Vanadium | 0.45150 | 245.0 | 6.110E+00 | ||||
| 24 | Cr | Chromium | 0.46157 | 257.0 | 7.180E+00 | ||||
| 25 | Mn | Manganese | 0.45506 | 272.0 | 7.440E+00 | ||||
| 26 | Fe | Iron | 0.46556 | 286.0 | 7.874E+00 | ||||
| 27 | Co | Cobalt | 0.45815 | 297.0 | 8.900E+00 | ||||
| 28 | Ni | Nickel | 0.47708 | 311.0 | 8.902E+00 | ||||
| 29 | Cu | Copper | 0.45636 | 322.0 | 8.960E+00 | ||||
| 30 | Zn | Zinc | 0.45879 | 330.0 | 7.133E+00 | ||||
| 31 | Ga | Gallium | 0.44462 | 334.0 | 5.904E+00 | ||||
| 32 | Ge | Germanium | 0.44071 | 350.0 | 5.323E+00 | ||||
| 33 | As | Arsenic | 0.44046 | 347.0 | 5.730E+00 | ||||
| 34 | Se | Selenium | 0.43060 | 348.0 | 4.500E+00 | ||||
| 35 | Br | Bromine | 0.43803 | 343.0 | 7.072E-03 | ||||
| 36 | Kr | Krypton | 0.42959 | 352.0 | 3.478E-03 | ||||
| 37 | Rb | Rubidium | 0.43291 | 363.0 | 1.532E+00 | ||||
| 38 | Sr | Strontium | 0.43369 | 366.0 | 2.540E+00 | ||||
| 39 | Y | Yttrium | 0.43867 | 379.0 | 4.469E+00 | ||||
| 40 | Zr | Zirconium | 0.43848 | 393.0 | 6.506E+00 | ||||
| 41 | Nb | Niobium | 0.44130 | 417.0 | 8.570E+00 | ||||
| 42 | Mo | Molybdenum | 0.43777 | 424.0 | 1.022E+01 | ||||
| 43 | Tc | Technetium | 0.43919 | 428.0 | 1.150E+01 | ||||
| 44 | Ru | Ruthenium | 0.43534 | 441.0 | 1.241E+01 | ||||
| 45 | Rh | Rhodium | 0.43729 | 449.0 | 1.241E+01 | ||||
| 46 | Pd | Palladium | 0.43225 | 470.0 | 1.202E+01 | ||||
| 47 | Ag | Silver | 0.43572 | 470.0 | 1.050E+01 | ||||
| 48 | Cd | Cadmium | 0.42700 | 469.0 | 8.650E+00 | ||||
| 49 | In | Indium | 0.42676 | 488.0 | 7.310E+00 | ||||
| 50 | Sn | Tin | 0.42120 | 488.0 | 7.310E+00 | ||||
| 51 | Sb | Antimony | 0.41889 | 487.0 | 6.691E+00 | ||||
| 52 | Te | Tellurium | 0.40752 | 485.0 | 6.240E+00 | ||||
| 53 | I | Iodine | 0.41764 | 491.0 | 4.930E+00 | ||||
| 54 | Xe | Xenon | 0.41130 | 482.0 | 5.485E-03 | ||||
| 55 | Cs | Cesium | 0.41383 | 488.0 | 1.873E+00 | ||||
| 56 | Ba | Barium | 0.40779 | 491.0 | 3.500E+00 | ||||
| 57 | La | Lanthanum | 0.41035 | 501.0 | 6.154E+00 | ||||
| 58 | Ce | Cerium | 0.41395 | 523.0 | 6.657E+00 | ||||
| 59 | Pr | Praseodymium | 0.41871 | 535.0 | 6.710E+00 | ||||
| 60 | Nd | Neodymium | 0.41597 | 546.0 | 6.900E+00 | ||||
| 61 | Pm | Promethium | 0.42094 | 560.0 | 7.220E+00 | ||||
| 62 | Sm | Samarium | 0.41234 | 574.0 | 7.460E+00 | ||||
| 63 | Eu | Europium | 0.41457 | 580.0 | 5.243E+00 | ||||
| 64 | Gd | Gadolinium | 0.40699 | 591.0 | 7.900E+00 | ||||
| 65 | Tb | Terbium | 0.40900 | 614.0 | 8.229E+00 | ||||
| 66 | Dy | Dysprosium | 0.40615 | 628.0 | 8.550E+00 | ||||
| 67 | Ho | Holmium | 0.40623 | 650.0 | 8.795E+00 | ||||
| 68 | Er | Erbium | 0.40655 | 658.0 | 9.066E+00 | ||||
| 69 | Tm | Thulium | 0.40844 | 674.0 | 9.321E+00 | ||||
| 70 | Yb | Ytterbium | 0.40453 | 684.0 | 6.730E+00 | ||||
| 71 | Lu | Lutetium | 0.40579 | 694.0 | 9.840E+00 | ||||
| 72 | Hf | Hafnium | 0.40338 | 705.0 | 1.331E+01 | ||||
| 73 | Ta | Tantalum | 0.40343 | 718.0 | 1.665E+01 | ||||
| 74 | W | Tungsten | 0.40250 | 727.0 | 1.930E+01 | ||||
| 75 | Re | Rhenium | 0.40278 | 736.0 | 2.102E+01 | ||||
| 76 | Os | Osmium | 0.39958 | 746.0 | 2.257E+01 | ||||
| 77 | Ir | Iridium | 0.40058 | 757.0 | 2.242E+01 | ||||
| 78 | Pt | Platinum | 0.39984 | 790.0 | 2.145E+01 | ||||
| 79 | Au | Gold | 0.40108 | 790.0 | 1.932E+01 | ||||
| 80 | Hg | Mercury | 0.39882 | 800.0 | 1.355E+01 | ||||
| 81 | Tl | Thallium | 0.39631 | 810.0 | 1.172E+01 | ||||
| 82 | Pb | Lead | 0.39575 | 823.0 | 1.135E+01 | ||||
| 83 | Bi | Bismuth | 0.39717 | 823.0 | 9.747E+00 | ||||
| 84 | Po | Polonium | 0.40195 | 830.0 | 9.320E+00 | ||||
| 85 | At | Astatine | 0.40479 | 825.0 | 1.000E+01 | ||||
| 86 | Rn | Radon | 0.38736 | 794.0 | 9.066E-03 | ||||
| 87 | Fr | Francium | 0.39010 | 827.0 | 1.000E+01 | ||||
| 88 | Ra | Radium | 0.38934 | 826.0 | 5.000E+00 | ||||
| 89 | Ac | Actinium | 0.39202 | 841.0 | 1.007E+01 | ||||
| 90 | Th | Thorium | 0.38787 | 847.0 | 1.172E+01 | ||||
| 91 | Pa | Protactinium | 0.39388 | 878.0 | 1.537E+01 | ||||
| 92 | U | Uranium | 0.38651 | 890.0 | 1.895E+01 | ||||
Abstract | Introduction | Mass Atten. Coef. | Mass Energy-Absorp. Coef. | Summary | References