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| NIST Atomic Spectra Database Ionization Energies Data
Th (all spectra) |
Example of how to reference these results:
Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J., and NIST ASD Team (2023). NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.11), [Online]. Available: https://physics.nist.gov/asd [2024, May 2]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F
BibTex Citation (new window)
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At. num | El. Name | Isoel. Seq. | Ground Shells (a) | Ground Level | Ionization Energy (eV) | Uncertainty (eV) | References
--------|----------|-------------|--------------------|-----------------|--------------------------------------|----------------------|---------------
90 | Thorium | Th | [Rn].6d2.7s2 | 3F<2> | 6.30670 | 0.00025 | L15992
90 | Thorium | Ac | [Rn].6d.7s2 | 2D<3/2> | 12.10 | 0.20 | L18620
90 | Thorium | Ra | [Rn].5f.6d | 3H*<4> | [18.32] | 0.05 | L14620,L5541
90 | Thorium | Fr | [Rn].5f | 2F*<5/2> | 28.648 | 0.025 | L14620,L10110
90 | Thorium | Rn | [Hg].6p6 | 1S0 | (58.0) | 1.9 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | At | [Hg].6p5 | 2P*<3/2> | (69.1) | 2.0 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Po | [Hg].6p4 | 3P<2> | (82.0) | 2.0 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Bi | [Hg].6p3 | 4S*<3/2> | (95.0) | 2.1 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Pb | [Hg].6p2 | 3P0 | (118.0) | 2.2 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Tl | [Hg].6p | 2P*<1/2> | (133.0) | 2.2 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Hg | [Xe].4f14.5d10.6s2 | 1S0 | (165.0) | 2.4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Au | [Xe].4f14.5d10.6s | 2S<1/2> | (181.0) | 2.5 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Pt | [Xe].4f14.5d10 | 1S0 | (262) | 3 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Ir | [Xe].4f14.5d9 | 2D<5/2> | (285) | 3 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Os | [Xe].4f14.5d8 | 3F<4> | (310) | 3 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Re | [Xe].4f14.5d7 | 4F<9/2> | (336) | 3 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | W | [Xe].4f14.5d6 | 5D<4> | (362) | 3 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Ta | [Xe].4f14.5d5 | 6S<5/2> | (389) | 3 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Hf | [Xe].4f14.5d4 | 5D0 | (424) | 3 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Lu | [Xe].4f14.5d3 | 4F<3/2> | (451) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Yb | [Xe].4f14.5d2 | 3F<2> | (480) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Tm | [Xe].4f14.5d | 2D<3/2> | (508) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Er | [Xe].4f14 | 1S0 | (650) | 40 | L582
90 | Thorium | Ho | [Cd].4f14.5p5 | 2P*<3/2> | (680) | 30 | L582
90 | Thorium | Dy | [Cd].4f14.5p4 | 3P<2> | (720) | 40 | L582
90 | Thorium | Tb | [Cd].4f14.5p3 | 2P*<3/2> | (750) | 40 | L582
90 | Thorium | Gd | [Cd].4f14.5p2 | 3P0 | (830) | 40 | L582
90 | Thorium | Eu | [Cd].4f14.5p | 2P*<1/2> | (870) | 40 | L582
90 | Thorium | Sm | [Cd].4f14 | 1S0 | (970) | 50 | L582
90 | Thorium | Pm | [Kr].4d10.4f14.5s | 2S<1/2> | (1010) | 50 | L582
90 | Thorium | Nd | [Kr].4d10.4f14 | 1S0 | (1090) | 50 | L582
90 | Thorium | Pr | [Kr].4d10.4f13 | 2F*<7/2> | (1160) | 60 | L582
90 | Thorium | Ce | [Kr].4d10.4f12 | | (1240) | 60 | L582
90 | Thorium | La | [Kr].4d10.4f11 | 4I*<15/2> | (1310) | 60 | L582
90 | Thorium | Ba | [Kr].4d10.4f10 | 5I<8> | (1380) | 70 | L582
90 | Thorium | Cs | [Kr].4d10.4f9 | 6H*<15/2> | (1460) | 70 | L582
90 | Thorium | Xe | [Kr].4d10.4f8 | 7F<6> | (1530) | 80 | L582
90 | Thorium | I | [Kr].4d10.4f7 | 8S*<7/2> | (1600) | 80 | L582
90 | Thorium | Te | [Kr].4d10.4f6 | 7F0 | (1680) | 80 | L582
90 | Thorium | Sb | [Kr].4d10.4f5 | 6H*<5/2> | (1760) | 90 | L582
90 | Thorium | Sn | [Kr].4d10.4f4 | 5I<4> | (1830) | 90 | L582
90 | Thorium | In | [Kr].4d10.4f3 | 4I*<9/2> | (1910) | 100 | L582
90 | Thorium | Cd | [Kr].4d10.4f2 | 3H<4> | (1980) | 100 | L582
90 | Thorium | Ag | [Kr].4d10.4f | 2F*<5/2> | (2060) | 100 | L582
90 | Thorium | Pd | [Kr].4d10 | 1S0 | (2390) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Rh | [Kr].4d9 | 2D<5/2> | (2455) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Ru | [Kr].4d8 | 3F<4> | (2524) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Tc | [Kr].4d7 | 4F<9/2> | (2598) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Mo | [Kr].4d6 | 5D<4> | (2669) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Nb | [Kr].4d5 | <5/2> | (2737) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Zr | [Kr].4d4 | 5D0 | (2864) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Y | [Kr].4d3 | 4F<3/2> | (2935) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Sr | [Kr].4d2 | 3F<2> | (3013) | 4 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Rb | [Kr].4d | 2D<3/2> | (3086) | 5 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Kr | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p6 | 1S0 | (3375) | 5 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Br | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p5 | 2P*<3/2> | (3445) | 5 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Se | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p4 | 3P<2> | (3522) | 5 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | As | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p3 | *<3/2> | (3593) | 6 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Ge | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p2 | 3P0 | (3943) | 6 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Ga | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p | 2P*<1/2> | (4025) | 7 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Zn | [Ar].3d10.4s2 | 1S0 | (4230) | 10 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Cu | [Ar].3d10.4s | 2S<1/2> | [4313] | 4 | L10278
90 | Thorium | Ni | [Ar].3d10 | 1S0 | (6972) | 15 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Co | [Ar].3d9 | 2D<5/2> | (7130) | 19 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Fe | [Ar].3d8 | 3F<4> | (7299) | 24 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Mn | [Ar].3d7 | 4F<9/2> | (7480) | 30 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Cr | [Ar].3d6 | <4> | (7650) | 40 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | V | [Ar].3d5 | <5/2> | (7810) | 40 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Ti | [Ar].3d4 | 5D0 | (8180) | 50 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Sc | [Ar].3d3 | 4F<3/2> | (8350) | 50 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Ca | [Ar].3d2 | 3F<2> | (8550) | 60 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | K | [Ar].3d | 2D<3/2> | (8720) | 60 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Ar | [Ne].3s2.3p6 | 1S0 | (9220) | 70 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Cl | [Ne].3s2.3p5 | 2P*<3/2> | (9370) | 90 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | S | [Ne].3s2.3p4 | 3P<2> | (9540) | 90 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | P | [Ne].3s2.3p3 | 2P*<3/2> | (9690) | 100 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Si | [Ne].3s2.3p2 | 3P0 | (10790) | 110 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Al | [Ne].3s2.3p | 2P*<1/2> | (10970) | 120 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Mg | [Ne].3s2 | 1S0 | (11340) | 120 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Na | [Ne].3s | 2S<1/2> | (11510) | 140 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Ne | 1s2.2s2.2p6 | 1S0 | (24060) | 150 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | F | 1s2.2s2.2p5 | 2P*<3/2> | (24480) | 160 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | O | 1s2.2s2.2p4 | 3P<2> | (24940) | 170 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | N | 1s2.2s2.2p3 | (0,3/2)*<3/2> | (25360) | 190 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | C | 1s2.2s2.2p2 | 3P0 | (29410) | 200 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | B | 1s2.2s2.2p | 2P*<1/2> | (29970) | 220 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Be | 1s2.2s2 | 1S0 | (30680) | 240 | L8672c99
90 | Thorium | Li | 1s2.2s | 2S<1/2> | (31122.8) | 0.6 | L16264c99
90 | Thorium | He | 1s2 | 1S0 | (123091.0) | 0.6 | L21139
90 | Thorium | H | 1s | 2S<1/2> | (125250.3) | 0.7 | L19200
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Notes:
(a) Designations used in the ground shell lists:
[Ne] = 1s2.2s2.2p6
[Ar] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6
[Kr] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d10.4s2.4p6
[Cd] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d10.4s2.4p6.4d10.5s2
[Xe] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d10.4s2.4p6.4d10.5s2.5p6
[Hg] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d10.4s2.4p6.4d10.5s2.5p6.4f14.5d10.6s2
[Rn] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d10.4s2.4p6.4d10.5s2.5p6.4f14.5d10.6s2.6p6
If you did not find the data you need, please inform the ASD Team.
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