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| NIST Atomic Spectra Database Ionization Energies Data
Gd (all spectra) |
Example of how to reference these results:
Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J., and NIST ASD Team (2023). NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.11), [Online]. Available: https://physics.nist.gov/asd [2024, May 2]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F
BibTex Citation (new window)
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At. num | El. Name | Isoel. Seq. | Ground Shells (a) | Ground Level | Ionization Energy (eV) | Uncertainty (eV) | References
--------|------------|-------------|-------------------|----------------|--------------------------------------|----------------------|------------
64 | Gadolinium | Gd | [Xe].4f7.5d.6s2 | 9D*<2> | 6.14980 | 0.00004 | L11798
64 | Gadolinium | Eu | [Xe].4f7.5d.6s | 10D*<5/2> | [12.076] | 0.020 | L19870c180
64 | Gadolinium | Sm | [Xe].4f7.5d | 9D*<2> | [20.54] | 0.03 | L19883c180
64 | Gadolinium | Pm | [Xe].4f7 | 8S*<7/2> | [44.44] | 0.08 | L19883c180
64 | Gadolinium | Nd | [Xe].4f6 | 7F0 | [64.8] | 0.4 | L4095
64 | Gadolinium | Pr | [Cd].4f6.5p5 | * | (89) | 4 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | Ce | [Cd].4f6.5p4 | | (106) | 5 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | La | [Cd].4f6.5p3 | * | (123) | 6 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | Ba | [Cd].4f6.5p2 | | (144) | 7 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | Cs | [Cd].4f5.5p2 | * | (165) | 8 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | Xe | [Cd].4f5.5p | | (183) | 9 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | I | [Cd].4f5 | * | (213) | 11 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | Te | [Cd].4f4 | | (246) | 12 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | Sb | [Kr].4d10.4f5 | 6H*<5/2> | (268) | 14 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | Sn | [Cd].4f2 | | (288) | 15 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | In | [Kr].4d10.4f3 | 4I*<9/2> | (319) | 16 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | Cd | [Kr].4d10.4f2 | 3H<4> | (352) | 17 | L582
64 | Gadolinium | Ag | [Kr].4d10.4f | 2F*<5/2> | (384.4) | 2.5 | L582c99
64 | Gadolinium | Pd | [Kr].4d10 | 1S0 | (565) | 3 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Rh | [Kr].4d9 | 2D<5/2> | (601) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Ru | [Kr].4d8 | 3F<4> | (639) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Tc | [Kr].4d7 | 4F<9/2> | (680) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Mo | [Kr].4d6 | 5D<4> | (719) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Nb | [Kr].4d5 | 6S<5/2> | (761) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Zr | [Kr].4d4 | 5D0 | (810) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Y | [Kr].4d3 | 4F<3/2> | (851) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Sr | [Kr].4d2 | 3F<2> | (895) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Rb | [Kr].4d | 2D<3/2> | (937) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Kr | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p6 | 1S0 | (1100) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Br | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p5 | 2P*<3/2> | (1142) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Se | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p4 | 3P<2> | (1189) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | As | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p3 | 4S*<3/2> | (1233) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Ge | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p2 | 3P0 | (1321) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Ga | [Ar].3d10.4s2.4p | 2P*<1/2> | (1368) | 5 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Zn | [Ar].3d10.4s2 | 1S0 | (1481) | 5 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Cu | [Ar].3d10.4s | 2S<1/2> | [1532.3] | 0.3 | L10191
64 | Gadolinium | Ni | [Ar].3d10 | 1S0 | (2621) | 5 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Co | [Ar].3d9 | 2D<5/2> | (2720) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Fe | [Ar].3d8 | 3F<4> | (2827) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Mn | [Ar].3d7 | 4F<9/2> | (2941) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Cr | [Ar].3d6 | <4> | (3050) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | V | [Ar].3d5 | <5/2> | (3160) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Ti | [Ar].3d4 | 5D0 | (3312) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Sc | [Ar].3d3 | 4F<3/2> | (3424) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Ca | [Ar].3d2 | 3F<2> | (3546) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | K | [Ar].3d | 2D<3/2> | (3660) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Ar | [Ne].3s2.3p6 | 1S0 | (3980) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Cl | [Ne].3s2.3p5 | 2P*<3/2> | (4080) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | S | [Ne].3s2.3p4 | 3P<2> | (4191) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | P | [Ne].3s2.3p3 | 2P*<3/2> | (4294) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Si | [Ne].3s2.3p2 | 3P0 | (4578) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Al | [Ne].3s2.3p | 2P*<1/2> | (4693) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Mg | [Ne].3s2 | 1S0 | (4914) | 4 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Na | [Ne].3s | 2S<1/2> | (5025) | 5 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Ne | 1s2.2s2.2p6 | 1S0 | (11273) | 5 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | F | 1s2.2s2.2p5 | 2P*<3/2> | (11552) | 5 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | O | 1s2.2s2.2p4 | 3P<2> | (11861) | 5 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | N | 1s2.2s2.2p3 | (0,3/2)*<3/2> | (12147) | 6 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | C | 1s2.2s2.2p2 | 3P0 | (13183) | 6 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | B | 1s2.2s2.2p | 2P*<1/2> | (13521) | 7 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Be | 1s2.2s2 | 1S0 | (13943) | 10 | L8672c99
64 | Gadolinium | Li | 1s2.2s | 2S<1/2> | (14224.57) | 0.10 | L16264c99
64 | Gadolinium | He | 1s2 | 1S0 | (57783.91) | 0.08 | L21139
64 | Gadolinium | H | 1s | 2S<1/2> | (59065.54) | 0.05 | L19200
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Notes:
(a) Designations used in the ground shell lists:
[Ne] = 1s2.2s2.2p6
[Ar] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6
[Kr] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d10.4s2.4p6
[Cd] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d10.4s2.4p6.4d10.5s2
[Xe] = 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d10.4s2.4p6.4d10.5s2.5p6
If you did not find the data you need, please inform the ASD Team.
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