Table 2. Material constants and composition assumed in the present evaluations for compounds and mixtures. The compositions of various human tissues was taken from ICRU Report 44 (1989). Values are given for the mean ratio of atomic number-to-mass Z/A, the mean excitation energy I, and the density ρ. Some density values are only nominal.
| Material | <Z/A> | I | Density | Composition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (eV) | (g/cm3) | (Z: fraction by weight) |
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| A-150 Tissue-Equivalent Plastic | 0.54903 | 65.1 | 1.127E+00 | 1: 0.101330 6: 0.775498 7: 0.035057 8: 0.052315 9: 0.017423 20: 0.018377 | ||||
| Adipose Tissue (ICRU-44) | 0.55579 | 64.8 | 9.500E-01 | 1: 0.114000 6: 0.598000 7: 0.007000 8: 0.278000 11: 0.001000 16: 0.001000 17: 0.001000 | ||||
| Air, Dry (near sea level) | 0.49919 | 85.7 | 1.205E-03 | 6: 0.000124 7: 0.755268 8: 0.231781 18: 0.012827 |
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| Alanine | 0.53876 | 71.9 | 1.424E+00 | 1: 0.079192 6: 0.404437 7: 0.157213 8: 0.359157 |
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| B-100 Bone-Equivalent Plastic | 0.52740 | 85.9 | 1.450E+00 | 1: 0.065473 6: 0.536942 7: 0.021500 8: 0.032084 9: 0.167415 20: 0.176585 |
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| Bakelite | 0.52792 | 72.4 | 1.250E+00 | 1: 0.057444 6: 0.774589 8: 0.167968 |
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| Blood, Whole (ICRU-44) | 0.54999 | 75.2 | 1.060E+00 | 1: 0.102000 6: 0.110000 7: 0.033000 8: 0.745000 11: 0.001000 15: 0.001000 16: 0.002000 17: 0.003000 19: 0.002000 26: 0.001000 |
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| Bone, Cortical (ICRU-44) | 0.51478 | 112.0 | 1.920E+00 | 1: 0.034000 6: 0.155000 7: 0.042000 8: 0.435000 11: 0.001000 12: 0.002000 15: 0.103000 16: 0.003000 20: 0.225000 |
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| Brain, Grey/White Matter (ICRU-44) | 0.55239 | 73.9 | 1.040E+00 | 1: 0.107000 6: 0.145000 7: 0.022000 8: 0.712000 11: 0.002000 15: 0.004000 16: 0.002000 17: 0.003000 19: 0.003000 |
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| Breast Tissue (ICRU-44) | 0.55196 | 70.3 | 1.020E+00 | 1: 0.106000 6: 0.332000 7: 0.030000 8: 0.527000 11: 0.001000 15: 0.001000 16: 0.002000 17: 0.001000 |
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| C-552 Air-equivalent Plastic | 0.49969 | 86.8 | 1.760E+00 | 1: 0.024681 6: 0.501610 8: 0.004527 9: 0.465209 14: 0.003973 |
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| Cadmium Telluride | 0.41665 | 539.3 | 6.200E+00 | 48: 0.468358 52: 0.531642 |
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| Calcium Fluoride | 0.48671 | 166.0 | 3.180E+00 | 9: 0.486672 20: 0.513328 |
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| Calcium Sulfate | 0.49948 | 152.3 | 2.960E+00 | 8: 0.470081 16: 0.235534 20: 0.294385 |
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| 15 mmol L-1 Ceric Ammonium Sulfate Solution | 0.55282 | 76.7 | 1.030E+00 | 1: 0.107694 7: 0.000816 8: 0.875172 16: 0.014279 58: 0.002040 |
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| Cesium Iodide | 0.41569 | 553.1 | 4.510E+00 | 53: 0.488451 55: 0.511549 |
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| Concrete, Ordinary | 0.50932 | 124.5 | 2.300E+00 | 1: 0.022100 6: 0.002484 8: 0.574930 11: 0.015208 12: 0.001266 13: 0.019953 14: 0.304627 19: 0.010045 20: 0.042951 26: 0.006435 |
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| Concrete, Barite (TYPE BA) | 0.45714 | 248.2 | 3.350E+00 | 1: 0.003585 8: 0.311622 12: 0.001195 13: 0.004183 14: 0.010457 16: 0.107858 20: 0.050194 26: 0.047505 56: 0.463400 |
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| Eye Lens (ICRU-44) | 0.54709 | 74.3 | 1.070E+00 | 1: 0.096000 6: 0.195000 7: 0.057000 8: 0.646000 11: 0.001000 15: 0.001000 16: 0.003000 17: 0.001000 |
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| Ferrous Sulfate Standard Fricke | 0.55334 | 76.3 | 1.024E+00 | 1: 0.108376 8: 0.878959 11: 0.000022 16: 0.012553 17: 0.000035 26: 0.000055 |
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| Gadolinium Oxysulfide | 0.42265 | 493.3 | 7.440E+00 | 8: 0.084527 16: 0.084704 64: 0.830769 |
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| Gafchromic Sensor | 0.54384 | 67.2 | 1.300E+00 | 1: 0.089700 6: 0.605800 7: 0.112200 8: 0.192300 |
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| Gallium Arsenide | 0.44246 | 384.9 | 5.310E+00 | 31: 0.482030 33: 0.517970 |
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| Glass, Borosilicate (Pyrex) | 0.49707 | 134.0 | 2.230E+00 | 5: 0.040066 8: 0.539559 11: 0.028191 13: 0.011644 14: 0.377220 19: 0.003321 |
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| Glass, Lead | 0.42101 | 526.4 | 6.220E+00 | 8: 0.156453 14: 0.080866 22: 0.008092 33: 0.002651 82: 0.751938 |
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| Lithium Fluride | 0.46262 | 94.0 | 2.635E+00 | 3: 0.267585 9: 0.732415 |
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| Lithium Tetraborate | 0.48485 | 94.6 | 2.440E+00 | 3: 0.082081 5: 0.255715 8: 0.662204 |
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| Lung Tissue (ICRU-44) | 0.55048 | 75.2 | 1.050E+00 | 1: 0.103000 6: 0.105000 7: 0.031000 8: 0.749000 11: 0.002000 15: 0.002000 16: 0.003000 17: 0.003000 19: 0.002000 |
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| Magnesium Tetroborate | 0.49012 | 108.3 | 2.530E+00 | 5: 0.240870 8: 0.623762 12: 0.135367 |
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| Mercuric Iodide | 0.40933 | 684.5 | 6.360E+00 | 53: 0.558560 80: 0.441440 |
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| Muscle, Skeletal (ICRU-44) | 0.55000 | 74.6 | 1.050E+00 | 1: 0.102000 6: 0.143000 7: 0.034000 8: 0.710000 11: 0.001000 15: 0.002000 16: 0.003000 17: 0.001000 19: 0.004000 |
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| Ovary (ICRU-44) | 0.55149 | 75.0 | 1.050E+00 | 1: 0.105000 6: 0.093000 7: 0.024000 8: 0.768000 11: 0.002000 15: 0.002000 16: 0.002000 17: 0.002000 19: 0.002000 |
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| Photographic Emulsion (Kodak Type AA) | 0.48176 | 179.0 | 2.200E+00 | 1: 0.030500 6: 0.210700 7: 0.072100 8: 0.163200 35: 0.222800 47: 0.300700 |
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| Photographic Emulsion (Standard Nuclear) | 0.45453 | 331.0 | 3.815E+00 | 1: 0.014100 6: 0.072261 7: 0.019320 8: 0.066101 16: 0.001890 35: 0.349104 47: 0.474105 53: 0.003120 |
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| Plastic Scintillator, Vinyltoluene | 0.54141 | 64.7 | 1.032E+00 | 1: 0.085000 6: 0.915000 |
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| Polyethylene | 0.57033 | 57.4 | 9.300E-01 | 1: 0.143716 6: 0.856284 |
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| Polyethylene Terephthalate, (Mylar) | 0.52037 | 78.7 | 1.380E+00 | 1: 0.041960 6: 0.625016 8: 0.333024 |
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| Polymethyl Methacrylate | 0.53937 | 74.0 | 1.190E+00 | 1: 0.080541 6: 0.599846 8: 0.319613 |
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| Polystyrene | 0.53768 | 68.7 | 1.060E+00 | 1: 0.077421 6: 0.922579 |
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| Polytetrafluoroethylene, (Teflon) | 0.47993 | 99.1 | 2.250E+00 | 6: 0.240183 9: 0.759818 |
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| Polyvinyl Chloride | 0.51201 | 108.2 | 1.406E+00 | 1: 0.048382 6: 0.384361 17: 0.567257 |
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| Radiochromic Dye Film, Nylon Base | 0.54987 | 64.5 | 1.080E+00 | 1: 0.101996 6: 0.654396 7: 0.098915 8: 0.144693 |
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| Testis (ICRU-44) | 0.55200 | 74.7 | 1.040E+00 | 1: 0.106000 6: 0.099000 7: 0.020000 8: 0.766000 11: 0.002000 15: 0.001000 16: 0.002000 17: 0.002000 19: 0.002000 |
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| Tissue, Soft (ICRU-44) | 0.54996 | 74.7 | 1.060E+00 | 1: 0.102000 6: 0.143000 7: 0.034000 8: 0.708000 11: 0.002000 15: 0.003000 16: 0.003000 17: 0.002000 19: 0.003000 |
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| Tissue, Soft (ICRU Four-Component) | 0.54975 | 74.9 | 1.000E+00 | 1: 0.101174 6: 0.111000 7: 0.026000 8: 0.761826 |
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| Tissue-Equivalent Gas, Methane Based | 0.54992 | 61.2 | 1.064E-03 | 1: 0.101873 6: 0.456177 7: 0.035172 8: 0.406778 |
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| Tissue-Equivalent Gas, Propane Based | 0.55027 | 59.5 | 1.826E-03 | 1: 0.102676 6: 0.568937 7: 0.035022 8: 0.293365 |
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| Water, Liquid | 0.55508 | 75.0 | 1.000E+00 | 1: 0.111898 8: 0.888102 |
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Abstract | Introduction | Mass Atten. Coef. | Mass Energy-Absorp. Coef. | Summary | References